Diversity in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Diversity in the Workplace Essay Richter (2011), Diversity in and of itself is neither a good nor a bad thing. It’s what we do with it that renders its quality. (para. 1). I believe that as a manger you should always be diverse when communicating to your employees. Diversity is showing a great deal of variety; very different. When you are communicating with your employees you must realize that everyone is different. This is why you have to communicate by different aspects to â€Å"get through† to each person. Many managers in many organizations are very unaware of the unlikeliness of diversity within their organization. Along with diversity in communication there also must be diversity in the organization’s climate. Organization climate is a set of properties of the work environment, perceived directly or indirectly by the employees, that is assumed to be a major force in influencing employee behavior. (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia, 2013). In my organization, our corporate entity, developed a Cultural Team. We have one hundred sixty stores in our division, and this team was mandatory in each store. It is a team made up of approximately ten to fifteen store employees. This team is to be a communication byway between the employee and management. The team is designed to develop events within each store to enhance employee morale. In my store we have adopted the idea of the Make a Wish Foundation. We conduct fund raisers, carnivals, cookouts, and holiday events that require help of all store employees and management. This interacts all employees with different cultural ideas. Not only does the team boost employee morale, it also helps management conduct business. The team helps management enforce policies in a manner to which all employees can adapt to. I believe that this team is a valuable asset to our organization. Our Cultural Team not only helps with existing employees, it also has a new hire aspect. When hiring new employees to the organization the team checks out this process.  The team makes sure our managers are being diverse in the making up of our demographics within o ur organization. My organization hires very diversely. The organization has employees with disabilities, male and female, different races, all ages, different religious views, and all ethnicities. I believe that these qualities show the diversity in any organization. It is important to hire employees with all of these differences. I believe that it makes an organization prosper and grow. With diversity also comes being ethical in the workplace. I believe that the manager of an organization serves a huge role in communicating the ethical guidelines. I think that it is the mangers responsibility to set the ethical climate for their organization. â€Å"Ethical climate is best understood as part of an organization’s culture. From the cultural vantage point, an organization is a tribe. As tribal members gather, they develop their own language, stories, beliefs, assumptions, ceremonies, and power structures. These elements combine to form a unique perspective on the world called the organization’s culture, how an organization responds to ethical issues is a part of this culture. Every organization faces a special set of ethical challenges. It creates its own set of values and norms, and develops guidelines for enforcing its ethical standards. Ethical climate, in turn, determines what members believe is right or wrong and shapes their ethical decision making and behavior.† (Johnson, 2008). Along with ethics, and diversity come being a culturally sensitive. Being culturally sensitive in your work environment means â€Å"being aware that cultural differences and similarities exist and have an effect on values, learning, and behavior.† (Stafford, Bowman, Eking, Hanna, 1997). I believe that mangers of any organization must realize that every employee is culturally different. In today’s society the younger generation especially were raised so differently. Young people adhere to a different set of values and communicators than an older generation will. I think as a manager that you have to deal with each situation differently. As a manager get to know your employees on a personal level, so that you may be able to dial into their cultural differences. Lastly comes ethical dimension decision making within an organization. In my opinion, managers should be well aware of all ethical dimensions within their organization. Being a manger always means  being aware of right and wrong. To me that is ethical. My own take on being ethical, is being honest. If an employee comes to you as a manager then it is my opinion that you owe that employee your full attention and honesty. In closing being a manger of any organization takes great skill and dedication. Though a manager and an organization are only as great as its employees. If you treat employees with respect to their own diversity, culture, and ethics, then you should have their respect. I believe that the main aspect that fails people in an organization today is being treated fairly. So if I ever become a manager within my organization, I plan to treat people based on their individual situation. I plan on knowing my people. Reference Page Richter, L. (2011). Bright Hub. Retrieved from http://www.brighthub.com/office/human-resources/articles/92553.aspx Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. (2013). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_climate Johnson, C.E. (2008). Creating an Ethical Organizational Climate. Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/23172_Chapter_9.pdf Stafford, Bowman, Eking, Hanna, L. (1997). University of Vermont. Retrieved from http://www.uvm.edu/~cdci/prlc/unit3_slide/sld005.htm

Heart of darkness

Heart of darkness One of the central issues that arise from Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness (1899) is the colonialist bias used to misrepresent the African race. Whilst Conrad was not himself accountable for the xenophobic westernised image of Africa, his story maintains the damaging stereotyping of native people. By painting them as bestialised, barbaric, primitive and uncivilised, he explores the black race through the lens of a hegemonic European representation; Conrads uses of myth and metaphor supported the colonial conquest of African people on the colonisers assumption that these people were racially inferior. Nevertheless, Conrad was writing at a time when the historical representation of Africans had always been a discourse of racism. Also, perhaps Conrad failed to appropriately depict Africans because he recognized little of their culture, having primarily spent time with white men during his 6 months at the African Congo. Moreover, by undermining imperial superiority and giving satanic ref erences to the colonisers, one may contend he is similarly insulting towards the Europeans, and that his exaggerated racism seeks to ridicule Europes civilising mission, and expose the ingrained racist ideals of Victorian imperialists. Marlow, the central protagonist and narrator of Heart of Darkness, expresses old racist prejudices against the Africans: They howled and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces, but what thrilled you was the thought of their humanity like yoursUgly. Not only does he deny the Africans a distinction of a name, he also rids them of normal human behaviour. Marlow belittles them with derogatory language, stressing that they mimic animalistic behaviour and have no methods of speech outside of violent babble and crude grunts. According to Chinua Achebe, these representations call the very humanity of black people into question. On the matter of communication, it is noteworthy that a small amount of English syllables are placed into the mouths of one or two Congolese Africans. It is in submitting to the hegemonic language of the coloniser that Conrad replaces native culture with his own, which he considers superior. It is this supposition of an advanced humanity which leads Achebe to brand Conrad a through-going racist. Nonetheless, it can be argued that Marlow is a product of a fairly racist era in history; a period in which racist discourses remained structured by Empire to legitimize its political ideology of suppression over the Africans. Like his contemporaries, Conrad is writing at a time where it was acceptable to view Africans as the other, and by overusing the words savage and nigger, he conforms to the racist sentiments of the day. Consequently, his story which was published in the Blackwood magazine, targets the conservative politics of the late nineteenth century. Furthermore, Conrad mentions in his authors note that his over exaggeration of the savage image had the purpose of bringing it home to the minds and bosoms of the reader. This admittance of a distorted characteristic account of the natives may explain his savage depiction of them. He also uses these images to make the setting realistic, accentuating the novels grave themes of darkness, and fear of the unknown. Being a victim of his time, Conrads portrayals of the African race also conform to the evolutionary trope of Charles Darwins theory of evolution. By painting Africans as the prehistoric man, and portraying Marlows voyage upriver as travelling back to the earliest beginnings of the world, Conrad integrates the temporal evolutionary trope in Heart of Darkness; he suggests that Europeans are at a more superior position, since the Africans have not yet emerged from prehistory. His repeated animalistic images of the natives place Africans at the low end of the scale: one of the creatures rose to his hands and knees and went off on all fours towards the river to drink. Linking in with Darwinism science, Conrad reduces the Africans into a subspecies between apes and Caucasians. The African here is represented as a modern ancestor, an animal, a barely human body without intelligence. Consequently, he views the Africans as prehistoric evils in desperate need of European influence and evolutio n; an outlook which reaffirms him as the personification of colonialism. Darwins views which had become entrenched in society are used here by Marlow to provide the principal ideological support for imperialism. Suggests that Europeans are at a more superior position, as opposed to the Africans since the latter has not yet emerged from prehistory Though truthful, Marlow is a prejudiced man; he is the personification of colonialism. Going into the Congo, Marlow views the natives as prehistoric evils in desperate need of white influence and civilization. Throughout the physical journey, Marlow is confronted with the natives time and time again, seeing them chained as slaves, living in a village and attacking his own steam boat. Marlow holds fast his prejudiced view of the natives, referring to them as savages or calling them by more derogatory terms such as niggers. Through his exploration, he questions the humanity of Africans. According to him this deliberate stylistic obfuscation merely aided to satisfy the racial sentiments of the day, and Conrad was only acting as the purveyor of comforting myths Counter argue that he was a polish writer who had to show his mettle with the English language However, in his authors note he writes how over exaggeration is used. Sombre theme given sinister resonance perhaps explains the extreme savage image. It can also be said Much of his animalistic language of the black race conforms to the evolutionary trope of Charles Darwin whose views became entrenched in society. African on all fours like ants. So for someone, who had little contact, he makes use of these derogatory stereotypes, and it can be said that he relies on these preconceived ideas and western baggage since they dominate his descriptions. Maintains, and justifies imperialism, and although he witnesses the horror of colonialism and suppression of the Africans, it is interesting to note his approval of efficient imperialist activity. However, his constant questioning of imperialist values, and the sham of it all, reveal his anti essentialist views. slightly flatter noses. This acknowledges that the black race is more or less equal to whites, barring a few inconsequential physical attributes. Kurtz on the other hand shows no remorse whatsoever. He holds the absolute essential view to exterminate all the blacks. He holds the ideology of making the black race extinct. Hes a ruthless ivory trader, and arranges for the dead heads to displayed on poles. The white race use crude violence, and brute force. Very occasionally the natives show resistance, but their left largely helpless against the overpowering military control of the Europeans. They have no authority or voice. The colonists have become corrupted. They are blinded by the notion that this is their sacred duty to uphold the superiority of the colonial empire and white heritage. Through Marlow disapproval, he shows and exposes the Europeans, is equally deameaning, offensive, and undermines their superiority. flabby white devils.. Critiques immoral European behaviour. Transcends such prejudice, shows him to rise above racism. Ridicules benevolent project of civilisation. Uses an ambivalent tone to show the violent colonial enterprise. Kurtz the ultimate satanic, racist. Has the heart of darkness. However if he is showing Africa to be the reason for the deterioration of the European mans morale, it merely becomes a backdrop which eliminates the African as human factor. They have become marginalised. This marginalisation shows further through Kurtz mistress. He is racist towards her, but not so to his white woman. 333 But its interesting, that Marlow does approve of efficient colonialism. Puts in a section of Brtish colonialism. It is almost with this preconceived mindset that Marlow almost succumbs to this same worst impulsive violent mindset (look at thinking lit answer bold). Going further into self discovery and realises his own heart of darkness. Paints Africa as the heart of darkness, suggesting that its wilderness and wild inhabitants drive the Europeans to insanity and violence. Takes this stance to almost show how the Dark Continent is responsible for his behaviour, thus showing it to be the cause of Kurtzs insanity. Almost blaming Africans that they hold out temptations. His racist sentiments continue throughout. However, unlike the other colonists, Marlow does show some sympathy and admiration towards the natives; a viewpoint, emphasising his forward thinking mindset. Upon his very first encounter, he praises there vitality, muscles and seems entirely at peace with them. Gives the dying man a biscuit, and becomes friends with helman. Has a remote kinship with them as opposed to nothing with Europeans. Therefore it can be evaluated that he is just brainwashed by the politics of the time, but his contemplative nature, allows him to see through the cracks, and appreciate the African race. Later descriptions thus allow for readers to see the absurdity of racism. (Cedric Watts) Conclusion Although Marlow shows himself to be concerned with the heart of humankind, and the souls of individuals, the text emerged out of the very centre of racism and imperialism, therefore Marlow can be seen as merely replicating the colonial discourses available to him. Although he criticises the extreme brutal ness of Imperialism, he discourse is grounded in political, economic interest. He simply looks at Africa through a haze of distortions and cheap mystifications. It can be said that Conrad just uses Marlow to confirm and consolidate the wildest fantasies of the African savages to his European readers. However in my opinion his racist exaggeration and imperialist critique, are used to show how absurd racism was.

Ascites Is A Special Case In The Medical Geriatric Ward Nursing Essay

Ascites Is A Special Case In The Medical Geriatric Ward Nursing Essay Background I think ascites is a special case in this Medical Geriatric ward, because I saw this only one case of ascites in this four weeks practicum. And it is my first time that care patient with ascites. Therefore, I interest and choose this case for studying the nursing care of ascites. In this total patient care study, I will talk about the information and relevant clinical data about this case, the pathophysiology of ascites, the nursing assessment, care plan within patient hospitalize period 20-21/09/2010, plan for future management, and what I learn from this case. Case presentation Patient X is 72-year-old male. He lives in old age home, chair bound for activities of daily living. He is dependent Comprehensive Social Security Assistance, exsmoker and exdrinker. He was admission to Accident Emergency at 20/09/2010. He complained that increased abdominal distension for 2 days, poor appetite, shortness of breath. Physcial condition: conscious, SaO2 95% under room air, afebrile, chest clear, no ankle edema. His primary diagnosis is cirrhosis and gross ascites. He has chronic renal impairment, diabetes mellitus, alcoholic cirrhosis of liver, and chronic ascites. Last time admitted from 05-07/09/2010 for ascites, therapeutic abdominal tap was done and 1.3L ascites fluid was removed. Ascites is an accumulation of extracellular fluid in the peritoneal cavity abnormally. It is the most common major complication of portal hypertension following liver cirrhosis. Blocking the blood flow through the liver sinusoids to hepatic veins and vena cava lead to increased pressure in the portal venous system. It results in plasma leaks out directly from the liver capsule and the congested portal vein into the peritoneal cavity. In addition, hepatocellular damage reduces the livers ability to synthesize normal amounts of albumin, which may deteriorate by leakage of protein in ascites. The evidence of hypoalbuminemia shows in the blood test that the albumin was 24g/L, which is a low level. Adlosterone cannot activate by liver to stimulate the kidneys to retain sodium and water due to hepatocellular damage. Thus, sodium and water are still retention, and the volume of peritoneal cavity fluid grows continue. In this case, the medical management can be performed to patient X should be paracentesis or abdominal tap. This procedure involves using a thin needle to pull ascites fluid from the abdomen (George Longstreth, 2009). Large-volume paracentensis repeated done in combination with Albumin administered intravenously, which can avoid a sudden drop in blood flow in the arteries and to replace each liter of removed ascitic fluid. The physician prescribed IV administration of Albumin 40g after tapping and 30g. 10500ml milk like in color of ascites fluid was removed. If ascites is recurrent, therapeutic abdominal tap may need to be done every two weeks or more frequently, and need to remove up to 10 liters ascites fluid (Cirrhosis Ascites). Ascitic fluid analysis also done before for provides a sample of fluid for analysis, which help for determine the underlying cause of the ascites. No malignant cell was found. An abdominal x-ray and ultrasonography study was done to comfier the presence of ascites. It may locate fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The result did not show dilated bowel. A low sodium and protein diet with restriction of fluids 1L per day. Edema in the form of ascites brings about shallow breathing and impaired gas exchange, as a result of respiratory compromise. We need to Promote and maintain an effective breathing pattern, Arterial blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry monitor every four hours were ordered. Potassium- sparing diuretic Frusemide tablet 40mg twice a day was prescribed. Nursing assessment In abdominal assessment, inspect for skin integrity (pigmentation, lesions, scars, veins, and umbilicus, etc), contour (flat, rounded, etc), distension, respiratory movement, visible peristalsis, and pulsations. Then to auscultation of the abdomen, warmed the stethoscope and the hands, light pressure act on the stethoscope is sufficient to detect bowel sounds and bruits. Then perform percussion of the abdomen; abdominal percussion is aimed at detecting fluid in the ascites, gaseous distension, and masses within the abdomen. Percuss lightly on abdomen according to auscultation site at each abdominal guardant. The sound will be dull if the ascites is presence. Measure the abdominal girth circumference. Assess the amount of distress leaded by the ascites that ask the patient whether the fluid is interfering with sleeping, eating, and breathing (Head-To-Toe Assessment (R. Abdomen), 2008). Nursing diagnosis Excess fluid volume and deficient fluid volume related to fluid shifts secondary to portal hypertension, hypoalbuminemia. It is a combination of volume problem for patient with ascites. The expected outcomes of this care plan are that a normal balance of fluid in the peritoneal cavity will be maintained as evidenced by normal serum albumin levels, without of hypovolemia, decreased abdominal girth, and normal blood pressure measurement. Electrolyte or acid- base are balance. For nursing intervention, monitor the intake and output of patient daily, and record the IO chart. Output should be equal to or exceed intake. Strictly restrict the patients fluid intake. If possible, administer medication with meals, so mealtime fluids can be used for taking medications. Assess the patients dietary intake and habits that may lead to fluid retention. Limit high sodium intake, because it can lead to increased water retention. Administer albumin and diuretics as physician prescribed. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and impair sodium excretion by the kidney. Thus, it needs to avoid administering them. Weight the client and measure the patients abdominal girth daily. Closely monitor the patient after paracentesis procedure. To ensure the client has tolerated the procedure well, check the vital signs frequently. Check the dressing carefully to ensure that there are no losing excessive amounts of fluid. Use a pouch to co llect leaking fluid if necessary. Ineffective breathing pattern related to increased intra-abdominal pressure on the diaphragm. The expected outcomes of this care plan are that the patient express relief of feelings of faulty breathing pattern as a result of no shortness of breath and the presence of normal respiratory excursion. Patient has a normal respiratory rate, compared with baseline. (Lynda juall carpenito-moyet) For nursing intervention, position the client in a high-Fowler position with an arm supported with pillows. It can facilitate breathing and relieves the pressure acting on diaphragm. Monitor the clients respiratory status (crackles and increased respirations) for the development of atelectasis or pneumonia to identifies fluid in lungs. Encourage the patient to deep breathe and cough. Use an incentive spirometer to maintain and monitor the respiratory function. If the cough does not loosen to expectorate reparatory secretion, patient can receive ultrasound treatment For improving gas exchange, administer oxygen and blood products as ordered. Teach the patient some breathing techniques, such as pursed-lip breathing to overcome poor breathing patterns (Lynda juall carpenito-moyet). To evaluation the outcome, treatments of ascites enable the client to breath with minimal difficulty. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to increased pressure on stomach and intestines, feeling of fullness, poor appetite. The expected outcomes of this care plan are that patient X has appetite and he can keep or increase body weight to an ideal weight and consume sufficient nutrients. Identify deficiencies in daily intake. For nursing intervention, measure the body weight daily to monitors the weight gain or loss. Monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, total protein values for monitoring the intake of nutrients, presence of anemia, and colloidal osmotic pressure. Offer and encourage oral hygiene before meals, because poor oral hygiene may cause bad odor and taste, which can reduce appetite. Encourage the patient to rest before meals due to fatigue may decrease appetite and ability to eat. (Lynda juall carpenito-moyet) Provide small, frequent meals for patient instead of few large ones, because even distribution of intake can help to prevent feeling full and ensures enough nutritional intake. Determine food preferences and selected low or no protein and low salt (no more than 1500 mg/day of sodium). If possible, encourage the patients relative to bring permitted foods from home. Prevent constipation to reduce abdominal pressure and fullness. Administer Lactulose liquid 20mal three times a day as physi cian ordered. Plan for management after discharge, patient x should back to the old age home and have follow up by community geriatric assessment service. Recommend short the follow up clinically admission if symptomatic ascites occur. Refer PCU home care nurse for visiting and symptom assessment, and admission clinically for symptom management. Learning points After this total patient care study, I have learnt that more understand the cause and care of ascites. And know that to provide a holistic care not only physical nursing care, but also we need to care the patient mental, social, finical condition, and discharge planning Make sure patient can have a complete care after discharge. Word count: 1452 Black, J. M. Hawks, J. H. (2009). Medical-Surgical nursing: Clinical management for positive outcomes. Missouri: Saunders. George F. Longstreth MD http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/ascites#ixzz11s5PVSzi Head-To-Toe Assessment (R. Abdomen) (Head-To-Toe Assessment (R. Abdomen), 2008) (Cirrhosis Ascites). http://www.healthcentral.com/ency/408/guides/000075_11.html

Nepal Essay -- Nepal Economy Culture Essays

Nepal Despite nine development plans spanning five decades, Nepal remains one of the world’s poorest countries. Nepal’s underdevelopment is a result of the historical effects of unequal distribution of assets and social and economic status among different groups, and effects of recent development efforts that have generated further iniquitous income and assets distribution. Understanding Nepal’s underdevelopment has become particularly pressing in light of the Maoist insurgency that began in 1996. In addition to the deaths of more than 6,000 civilians, instability has caused economic stagnation, discouraged foreign investment, and prevented the expansion of the hydropower and tourism industries. Nepal’s future depends on an understanding of how its institutions have created inequity, and how it will respond to the need for institutional reform. Culturally, Nepal is a patriarchal and hierarchical society. Caste is important in the world’s only Hindu nation. Gender, ethnicity, land ownership, and location are also historically important social determinants. Nepal’s history and geography have contributed to the perpetuation of these cultural values. Historically, Nepal has been very isolated. Situated between China and India, it is bisected by the Himalayas. The country is divided into three bands running from east to west – the Himalayas furthest north, the flat and dry Terai in the South, and the middle hills sandwiched in between. Extreme differences in topography, and a lack of roadways and efficient transportation, have meant that communities tended to remain isolated and distinct, closely linked to traditional cultural practices and norms. Industry has been slow to change this, as most Nepalese depend upo... ...astern Nepal, respondents reported that â€Å"society does not recognize the merit of physical work in agriculture; it encourages people to prefer leisure over work, and sees working people as belonging to the lower classes. So far, foreign aided projects have not been able to alter people’s attitudes towards physical work by providing alternate examples† (Shrestha, 41). Even as development efforts increase, rural people mistrustful of exploitation, and depressed by development failures, are growing harder to reach. Nepal’s political crisis is a response to social inequalities increased and hardened by recent development. Future development will require radical reform: redistribution of resources and increased rural development, weakening of traditional power structures, increased access to and transparency in government, and independence from foreign interests.

To His Coy Mistress - Andrew and Marvell The Flea - Richard Donne :: English Literature

To His Coy Mistress - AndrewMarvell The Flea - RichardDonne Which of the two poets is more likely to succeed in the seduction of the two women? At first glance it seemed to me obvious that Marvell would unquestionably be more successful in seducing the woman. Marvell because he shows more emotion and sincerity (baring the second stanza) towards the woman who he is talking to, however after considering Donne's unorthodox approach I was into rethinking my decision. I do believe however that both men are not as genuine as they look in their attempts to show their 'love' for the women. Donne starts off well in his poem well the tone is bright humorous and intimate. He praises the girl and says that if they had all the time in the world then he wouldn't mind waiting until she loved him. ('Had we but world enough and time, This Coyness lady would be no crime'). This to me is a good way to start, he Marvell keeps the tone light ant affectionate and emotional ('For, Lady you deserve this state, and nor would I love at lower rate.') On the other hand he mentions only her physical beauties and there is no mention of her personality ('Two hundred to adore each breast but thirty thousand to the rest'). Although it keeps an intimate mood it gives a hint that he only wants her for her body i.e. to have sex, and he does not really love her and this could be a vital mistake. Marvell shows a severe sense of sincerity in the last two lines of the second stanza. He moves away from the playful & sexually teasing tone to a more affectionate and loving tone. I believe this is to show a sense of admiration for the woman (For, lady, you deserve this state Nor would I love at lower rate) The language used in the second stanza, together with some strong imagery changes the tone dramatically. The tone is now chilled dark at in a way aggressive ('my echoing song; then worms shall try That long preserved virginity and your quaint honour turned to dust.'). This brings the woman who he is speaking to back from the fantasy world which he talks of in the first stanza, and back to reality. He reminds the woman that life does not last forever and they must make the most of their lives. ('Times winged chariot hurrying near'). In my opinion although this stanza adds an edge to the poem, it severely damages his chances of seducing the woman. The first four lines of the stanza are packed with positive and

Hamlet views Essay

The essential component to any Elizabethan tragedy is a protagonist with a fatal flaw. In Elizabethan tragedy this is called hamartia. This Latin term translates directly into the word â€Å"flaw† but is usually used to describe an excess of a personality trait – virtue or vice. The protagonist’s fatal flaw pushes the the plot and action of the tragedy forward. It is this tragic flaw, which leads to the eventual downfall of the character, his circumstances, and the denouement of the drama. In examining the bulk of the literature’s protagonists, no other character embodies the essential role of the flawed protagonist like Hamlet. Hamlet’s fatal flaw is his idealism. Only once Hamlet overcomes his idealism is he able to seek his revenge. The climax of the play occurs with Hamlet’s realization that the world is not as it seems and that he must shrug off his idealistic values and avenge his father’s murder Act 3, scene 4. It is within Act 4, that Hamlet carries out his revenge. The issues of love, hate, jealous, incest, power struggle, revenge, and most importantly maturation of the protagonist. These themes are all present in Hamlet, and were theater elements there were not just enjoyed by Elizabethan audiences but also expected. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, act 4 scene 4, are pivotal within the play. The scene centers around Hamlet’s speech (lines x-x). Hamlet is left alone on stage and reviews the events that occurred to this point in the play and what he must now do. Hamlet begins â€Å"How all occasions do inform against me, / And spur my dull revenge! † He clearly knows that he must, now, take his revenge. He asks himself, and the audience, â€Å"What is a man† and continues that a man should be â€Å"a beast, no more† and exhibit â€Å"god-like reason†. Hamlet holds on to his idealism much of the play but in the end, being born and raised as an Elizabethan, he knows he must not be â€Å" one part wisdom / And ever three parts coward. â€Å" It is honor that is most important to him. He continues â€Å"When honour’s at the stake. How stand I then, / That have a father kill’d, a mother stain’d, / Excitements of my reason and my blood, / And let all sleep? † Hamlet understands that to be a man he must seek carry out his revenge and he does. Act 3 centers around Hamlet speaking like a jealous lover chastising his girlfriend for sleeping with a different man and making their bed â€Å"enseamed†. The Queen is extremely upset and actually asks Hamlet to help her figure out what to do. At this point when Hamlet should have told her to confess, he urges her to stop her relationship with Claudius, â€Å"Not this, by no means, that I bid you do: Let the bloat king tempt you again to bed† (Act III, sc iv). It is in the moment that Hamlet allows his emotion to dominate over his intellect that Claudius was killed. He is consumed by the thoughts of his father’s demise and is haunted by the knowledge that his father’s soul will not be able to rest until his death is avenged. Hamlet willfully concludes, â€Å"My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth† (Act IV sc iv). It is then that Hamlet finally had the ability to suppress his idealistic nature, and do what is right. The murder is not a well planned scheme and occurs in the heat of the moment. Hamlet, after the murder of Claudius never once wavers in his decision. He has done what is right and believes that â€Å"There is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow† (Act V sc ii). Hamlet is able to do anything but take vengeance upon the man who did away with his father and has taken his father’s place with his mother. The pain which should have caused him to take immediate revenge was replaced by pity for himself. It is Hamlet’s idealistic nature that creates the ultimate theme and driving force behind all the rising action, falling action, and resolution of this tragedy as well as the death of his mother. The way in which Hamlet views his mother, father, and Claudius is finally revealed in Act IV. Once Hamlet is able to be honest about his feelings, he is able to finally seek revenge for his father’s murder. This scene is pivotal to denouement of the play and essential to Hamlet’s transformation from a boy to man who embodies the important qualities which were cherished and expect by an Elizabethan audiences. In Shakespearean tragedies, the protagonist must die and on the way to his death many people die with him. It is the ultimate act of revenge which appeals to the Elizabethan audience and has made Hamlet a timeless classic.

College Athletes Essay

For the longest time the NCAA was never a multi-billion dollar industry; many years they did not make half of that. Many big colleges had budgets that would make teams such as Alabama, Georgia, Miami, Oregon, Etc. laugh about what they were able to provide for sports. There have been questions for years about whether a college athlete should be paid or not and if athletes deserve to be paid for what they do at that level, after already being paid to go to school there, for most of the players. When athletes go to college they still put themselves in the same physical danger as a professional athlete does. The NCAA alone is a multi-billion dollar industry that generated over 845 billion dollars last year in 2011. Facts have shown that college athletes in the NCAA, on an annual salary, make zero dollars; however, it is a blessing that they are going to school for free. This business is that they get all the work done and the business they want to come in and basically the NCAA athletes work for free. Having a scholarship and having their education paid for is something great but the money they get for school is not the only money they need for the bumpy road to their profession. The billions of dollars that is received annually is nowhere close to being equitable to just a bachelor’s degree. What the student athletes are earning is a big slice of heaven to some students and their families of course, but it showed accumulate to something higher than that degree of college education. â€Å"The NCAA has been historically stubborn over changing its ways to adapt to the times. But lately, even NCAA President Mark Emmert has conceded that it may be time for college players in big money sports to start getting a cash stipend amounting to as much as a few thousand dollars per year. † (Blake Baxter, Eureka College) At least the president of the NCAA has been admiring the idea of giving money to the players and helping them through their college years. Being an athlete in college is having a job, and their job is to bust their butts at practice, come to play on game day, and repeat that cycle, with no pay. Many athletes with their schedules do not have time to make themselves meals, so they have to buy food or they drive to places where they could get it- which costs money in gas. Football and basketball at the Division One level have been the biggest suppliers of money because many of their revenues. These two sports have evolved to the level that coaches and universities are making staggering amounts of money off of the talent of their student-athletes. With the amount of money coaches and schools make, the athletes should be able to get paid for their hard work, all the pain that they put their bodies through, the countless hours of practice workouts, and classes. Surely they need to be paid for putting it all on the line. Argument #2 Many college athletes make decisions that will change their lives- such as Trent Richardson, who played for University Of Alabama. Richardson had to deal with the decision of having to raise two children while being a full time college athlete. When all this was going on, Richardson had no income what so ever, no time, and was dedicated to the football program at U of A. Richardson brought publicity to his school and to other athletes with children that they were trying to raise. While Richardson was at school playing, his two daughters would be at home with their mother watching their daddy play and kissing the screen when he would appear. â€Å"He’s a big strong guy, he’s hitting everybody in practice. And when he’s around his kids, he’s a completely different person,† running back Eddie Lacy said. â€Å"He’s real sweet. He’s a good father. † With all the strength he shows on the field and the sweetness he shares with his daughter, and the hard work he and others put out, they still earn zero dollars each year. It shows and tells all the time- he puts in time and effort to make it in life and take care of his girls â€Å"It’s a level of maturity you don’t normally find among guys his age,† running backs coach Burton Burns said. â€Å"They are a priority for him. He has a tough schedule with school and football, but he is going to find time to spend with those girls. † That level of maturity should never be second guessed and overlooked to give certain players money to get through school and help raise their family like in Richardson’s situation. He is basically working a full time job, going to school, and playing football for Coach Saben. He needs to get what he earns, which would be a little salary. A father and athlete that could say this â€Å"I don’t want them to struggle like I did, to go through the stuff I had to go through,† Richardson said. â€Å"That’s really motivated me on the field. â€Å"Because when I play with my girls on my mind, I feel like nobody can stop me. † Richardson is not the only struggling college athlete. There are a lot of other teams in college that have athletes that participate in the games and practices but do not get any profit from their hard work and dedication. Argument #3 Eric LeGrand, the former Rutgers University football player who was paralyzed from the neck down during a 2010 game, GIving the same effort that each professional athlete makes each game day. Players putting their bodies in this physical danger, and only getting a certain degree when graduating after four years of college. LeGrand the Big Defensive Lineman was on kick off team running down the field trying to make a tackle, and when hitting a player he fell to the ground and was motionless; it was devastating. â€Å"The way Eric lives his life epitomizes what we are looking for in Buccaneer Men,† Schiano said. If the NCAA would recognize the effort and the danger these athletes are put in, they would be generous and give college athletes a little salary. Players like LeGrand are why i stand behind the decision to pay the players a little profit of what they help make. Without all of these amazing athletes i dont beleive the schools would encounter most of the money they make as a university or college. NOt just football, other sports bring in huge amounts of money from ticket sales, team apparel sales, etc. College Athletes are the epitome of where all the money comes from and deserve more then a bachelor degree, and deserve a little allowance for all their hardwork, bringing in a lot of the income. Works cited http://usatoday30. usatoday. com/sports/college/football/acc/story/2012-01-08/tough-guy-richardson-softens-up-as-a-dad/52458854/1 http://www. cbssports. com/collegefootball/story/21575106/if-college-athletes-really-owe-schools-money-then-they-must-be-paid